The Cuddletech Veritas Cheat Sheet
by: B. Rockwood
benr@cuddletech.com
Overview:
--------
The purpose of this paper is to
quickly get you up to speed in Veritas,
and to act as a quick referance. All new
users to Veritas are HIGHLY encouraged to
first read the Veritas users guides enlucded
with Veritas, and found on docs.sun.com
Remember!: Almost all commands can use several
diffrent options that are similar
across all commands. The most used
of these is "-g <diskgroup>" which
specifies which Disk Group the command
will be executed on. For instance,
vxinfo will only display volume information
for volumes in the rootdg, to see
volumes in the datadg, for instance, use:
Ex: "vxinfo -g datadg"
-----------------------------------------------
DISPLAY and MONITORING
-----------------------------------------------
vxdisk list
List all disks used by Veritas (VX).
vxdisk list <diskname>
Display detailed information about a
single disk, including mutlipathing
information, size, type, Vx version,
and more.
vxprint
Display report style information about
the current status of all Vx componants,
including disks, subdisks, plexes, and
volumes.
vxprint <componant>
Display report style information about
the current status of ONLY the componant
you request. So for instance,
"vxprint vol01" shows information about
all subcomponants of vol01. This works
for plexes, disk groups, etc.
vxprint -hrt
Display detailed information about all
Vx componanats, including stwdith,
ncolumns, offsets, layout type, read-
policy, and more. This is best for
a true picture of your configuration.
vxdg list
Display listing and state information
of all Disk Groups.
vxdg list <diskgroup name>
Display detailed information about
a diskgroup, including flags, version,
logs status, etc.
vxinfo
Display volume status and volume type.
By default, only displays "rootdg",
to display a diffrent Disk Group,
use "vxinfo -g <dgname>".
vxassist maxgrow <volume>
This command will output the maximum size
the volume specified can increased by,
specified in sectors.
--------------------------------------------------
DISK TASKS and COMMANDS
--------------------------------------------------
vxdiskadd <devname>
Adds a disk to Vx by Initializing and Encapsolating
it. Specified by its device name (ex: c0t1d0s2).
NOTE: You'll need to reboot to finalize the
disk addition!
This command, can also be used to add a disk to
a specified disk group. Just follow the prompts.
No reboots needed for changing DG's.
vxedit rename <oldname> <newname>
Rename a Vx disk. Ex: "vxedit rename disk01 disk05"
vxedit set reserve=on <diskname>
Sets the "reserve" flag to a Vx disk. This
is used to keep specific disks from being
accidentally, or generally used.
vxdisk offline <diskname>
Used to "offline" a disk. The disk should
be removed from its diskgroup before being
offlined.
vxdisk rm <devname>
Used to remove disks from Vx control completely.
Ex: "vxdisk rm c0t1d0s2" Make sure to
removed the disk from its diskgroup, and offline
the disk before removing it.
vxedit set spare=on <diskname>
Sets the "spare" flag to a Vx disk. This is used
to make the specified disk a hot spare, which
is then added to the "hot spare pool".
vxedit set spare=off <diskname>
Same as above but removes the disk from the
"hot spare pool".
----------------------------------------------------
DISK GROUPS and COMMANDS
----------------------------------------------------
vxdg init <diskgroup> <diskname>=<devname>
Creates a new disk group, and assigns the naming
scheme to the first disk added to the group.
ex: "vxdg init newdg newdg01=c0t10d0s2".
NOTE: This is kinda tricky because the disk that
you're adding can't be a member of ANY DG, but
must be initialized. It's easier to use
"vxdiskadd", and add the disk to a newdg by
specifying a new DG name for the DG field.
vxdg deport <diskgroup>
Disabled a diskgroup, but doesn't remove it. Often
used as an organized pool of disk to realocate, and
to moved DG's from one system to another.
vxdg import <diskgroup>
Reverse of above. Enables local access to the specified
disk group.
vxdg -n <newdgname> <olddgname>
Change a Disk Groups name.
vxdg list <dgname>
Use this to check the version numbers of Disk
Groups. Shows other details about the DG too.
vxdg destroy <dgname>
Removes the specified DG, and frees all its disks
back to general use by Vx.
-= Quick Chart!: Disk Group Version Number Translation
VxVM Introduced Supported
Release Version Versions
------- ------------ ---------
1.2 10 10
1.3 15 15
2.0 20 20
2.2 30 30
2.3 40 40
2.5 50 50
3.0 60 20-60
-----------------------------------------------------------
SUBDISKS and COMMANDS
-----------------------------------------------------------
vxmake sd <subdiskname> <disk>,<offset>,<length>
Creates a subdisk with the specified name,
and by the offset and length specified.
ex: "vxmake sd disk02-01 disk02,0,8000"
NOTE: If you are going to add this subdisk
to a plex, its good to check the other
subdisks in that plex to see what their
lengths and offsets are, use the command:
"vxprint -st"
vxedit rm <subdiskname>
Removes a subdisk.
vxsd assoc <plexname> <subdiskname>,....
Associates the specified subdisks to
the specified plex. Example:
"vxsd assoc vol01-03 disk01-01,disk02-01"
NOTE: Striped volumes are diffrent,
you need to specify the column# so
use the following:
vxsd -l <col#/offset> assoc <plexname> <subdiskname>,...
Same as above, but used for associating
subdisks to a striped plex. Use the command
"vxprint -st" to see what other subdisk
in the plex look like, and then set the
new subdisks column number and offset
(found in the seventh column of output)
to the appropriate value.
vxsd aslog <plex> <subdiskname>
Adds a log subdisk to the specified plex.
Ex: "vxsd aslog vol01-02 disk03-01"
vxsd dis <subdiskname>
Disassociates the specified subdisk from its
current plex.
------------------------------------------------------
PLEXS and COMMANDS
------------------------------------------------------
vxmake plex <plexname> sd=<subdiskname>,<subdiskname>,....
Creates a new plex by the name specified and
assigns the specified subdisks to it.
vxmake plex <plexname> layout=<layout> stwidth=<stwidth> ncolumn=<ncolumn> sd=...
Like above command, but specifies layout type
as defined by <layout>, which is used for creation
of striped and RAID5 plexes. The layout is
constrained by the defined number of columns,
and stripe width. Subdisks specified are
added to the created plex.
vxplex att <volname> <plexname>
Associates specified plex with specified volume.
(Adds a mirror)
NOTE: Attachment will take a while. Watch
it with Vxtask, or via vxprint
vxplex dis <plexname>
Disassociate specified plex from its connected
volume.
vxedit -r rm <plexname>
Remove the plex.
vxmend off <plexname>
Offlines a plex for repair to it's disks.
vxplex det <plexname>
Detaches specified plex from its connected
volume, but maintians association with it's
volume. The plex is no longer used
for I/O untill it is (re)attached.
vxmend fix clean <plexname>
Used to clean plexes that are in the
"unclean" state. Used with unstartable
volumes.
vxplex mv <originalplex> <newplex>
Moves the data content from the origonal
plex onto a new plex.
NOTE: The old plex must be active (ENABLED).
The new plex should be the same length, or
larger than the old plex. The new plex
must not be associated with another volume.
(duh)
vxplex cp <volume> <newplex>
Copies the data from the specified volume
to a new plex.
NOTE: The new plex cannot be associated
with any other volume. The new plex,
further, will NOT be attached to
the specified volume. (Also, see notes
from above)
-------------------------------------------------------
VOLUMES and COMMANDS
-------------------------------------------------------
vxassist make <volumename> <length>
Creates a new volume with the name specified
and is made to the length specified.
Ex: "vxassist make newvol 10m"
NOTE: This command will pull disk space
from the generally avalible Vx disk space.
vxassist make <volname> <length> layout=<layouttype> <disk> <disk> ....
Like the above command, but with layout specified.
The most common layouts are: striped and raid5
ex: "vxassist make newvol 100m layout=raid5 disk01 disk02 disk03"
NOTE: See the vxassist(1M) man page for more information.
vxmake vol <volname> len=<length> plex=<plexname>,...
Creates a new volume of specified length (usually
in sectors), and attachs the specified plexes to that
volume. Useful for creating volumes to house
copied or moved plexes.
NOTE: See the vxmake(1M) man page for more information.
vxvol init <state> <volname> [plexname]
Manually sets the state of a volume.
NOTE: Not for the squimish.
vxassist maxsize [layout=raid5]
Returns the maximum size avalible via Vx to create
a new volume. By adding "layout=raid5" to the command
the calulations take into account losse due
to raid5. Output is in sectors and Megs.
vxassist maxgrow <volname>
Returns the maximum ammount of Vx space that
can be added to the specified volume.
vxassist mirror <volname>
Creates a mirror for the specified volume.
NOTE: Think of this as "handsfree plex creation".
This is fast, but the disks you want used
may not be used... often best to do manually.
vxassist addlog <volname>
Adds a Dirty Region Log (DRL) for the specified volume.
vxassist remove log <volname>
Reverse of above.
vxvol start <volname>
Starts a volume
vxvol stop <volname>
Stops a volume. Alternately you can use command as
such: "vxvol stopall" in order to stop all volumes.
vxassit growto/growby/shrinkto/shrinkby <volname> <length>
Resizes the volume specified. Use one of the
following: growto, growby, shrinkto, and shrinkby
in order to descide what <length> specifies.
By default length is specified in sectors.
This does not resize the filesystem inside the volume.
NOTE: Don't shrink volumes to be less that
its contained filesystem! (duh)
vxvol set len=<length> <volname>
An alternate to above command. Sets the absolute
lenths of the specified volume to the length
specified, by default, in sectors. This
does not resize the filesystem inside the volume.
NOTE: There is also a resize(1M) command, used
for resizing both volume AND filesytem. See
the man page for that one.
vxedit rm <volname>
Removes the specified volume. (poof!)
NOTE: If the volume specified is in the ENABLED
state, you will need to use the command
"vxedit -f <volname>". Also, using the "r"
with "f" will remove all plexes and subdisks
with the volume. If you didn't guess, "r"
is Recursive, and "f" is Force.
----------------------------------------------------------------
Misc Stuff:
To calculate the size of a filesystem inside a volume, use
the command:
fstyp -v <volume-device-path> | head -30 | grep ncg
Ignore the errors. Output will look this this:
# fstyp -v /dev/vx/rdsk/datadg/vol01 | head -30 | grep ncg
ncg 17152 size 70254592 blocks 65863396
# Broken Pipe
Unknown_fstyp (no matches)
The size found after the label "size" is presented in kilobytes.
You can convert to sectors by multiplying by 2.
-----------
To calculate the size of a volume, use vxprint, and look for the
"len". The volume length is in sectors. Convert to kilobytes
by dividing by 2.
-------------
Volume Growth Procudure:
1) You can use vxassist to estimate the max size of
a given volume based on the disks you wish to add:
ex: # vxassist -g rootdg maxgrow vol01 disk01 disk02 disk03
2) Next, actually grow the volume (NOT THE FS) via the
command (assuming maxgrow outputed 10639360 as the maxsize):
ex:# vxassist -g rootdg growto vol01 10639360 disk01 disk02 disk03
3) Now VxVM grinds away, monitor with vxtask.
4) Now Grow the Filesystem, for UFS use:
# /usr/lib/fs/ufs/mkfs -F ufs -M /export /dev/vx/rdsk/rootdg/vol01 10639360
for VXFS ufs:
# /usr/lib/fs/vxfs/fsadm -b 10639360 -r /dev/vx/rdsk/rootdg/vol01 /mnt
---------------------------------------------------------------
5) Done!
----------
Changing User/Group of a Raw Volume: (ex:)
vxedit -g xxxdg set group=dba data_vol_123
vxedit -g xxxdg set user=oracle data_vol_123
======= Ben Rockwood == cuddletech.com ========================
---------------------------------------------------------------
